when did the peloponnesian war end

The causes of the main Peloponnesian War need to be traced at least to the early 430s—the Great Gap period—although if Thucydides was right in his general explanation for the war, namely Spartan fear of Athenian expansion, the development of the entire 5th century and indeed part of the 6th were relevant.. Athens strategy Naval power Surround Sparta by sea Prevent food and supplies from reaching Peloponnesian League Sparta Strategy Sparta had a strong army Surround Athens and prevent it from raising food around the city Did not have a navy until the end of the War Stalemate For much of the war, neither side could gain the upper hand over the other With a few short period of peace in between, it … This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Ten years after the end of the war, a new conflict broke out. Dent and Sons, 1910. The Peloponnesian War was soon followed by the Corinthian War (394–386 BC), which, although it ended inconclusively, helped Athens regain some of … The Greek victories over the Persians in the fifth century before the Common Era led to an expansion of Greek culture we now call the Golden Age of Greece." Ancient History: The Peloponnesian War - Athens vs Sparta - Complete#GreekMythology #Mythology #SeeUinHistory #History #MythologyExplained As Thucydides observed, “War is a violent teacher” (The Peloponnesian War3.82). The Spartan victory in the Peloponnesian War did not bring peace or unity to the Greek city-states. The Greeks also made advancements in art, drama, poetry and philosophy. Regarding this point, the Peloponnesian War was a trade war. The Peloponnesian war began after the Persian Wars ended in 449 BCE. End of the third year of the war. First Peloponnesian War. The War lasted from 431 to 404 BC, and signified the end of a long-lasting struggle between two cultures. Agamemnon was joined by the Greek heroes Achilles, Odysseus, Nestor and Ajax, and accompanied by a fleet of more than a thousand ships from throughout the Hellenic world. But by 412 BC Alcibiades had gotten very unpopular in Sparta as well as Athens. But they began to cede that assumed leadership early. Sparta seems to have been particularly alarmed at the growing power of Athens, able to build an ever-bigger fleet of ships thanks to tributes from its allies and dependants. How did the 30 year Peloponnesian war end? Thucydides. At this point, the long conflict comes to a close and with the end of the Peloponnesian War comes the end of Athens’ golden age — but not the end of Athens altogether. This is a shortened version of his four-volume book about the same war, for the popular reader. The revolt was crushed. He fled to the protection of a Persian satrap, Tissaphernes, in the old kingdom of Lydia. The First Peloponnesian War took place from 460-446 BC and was mainly comprised of skirmishes between Athens and Corinth; Sparta occasionally entered the fray against the … The Athenians surrender: end of the Peloponnesian War. What modern-day … took place between the Athenian empire and Peloponnesian league lead by the Spartans. when the Thebans launched a surprise attack on Plataea, who as a partner of Athens. The Athenians were going to say no, but just at this point the negotiations to surrender to Sparta failed. In "The First Peloponnesian War", Athenians agreed to a thirty year peace treaty with Sparta, but it only ended up lasting fourteen years before more conflict arose between the two strong forces. The war ended on 25 April 404 B.C. Why were the Greek city-states weakened at the end of the Peloponnesian War? Kagan is basically a military historian, and a conservative. These ships would end up being crucial in their victory over Athens. That treaty, however, was soon undermined by renewed fighting in the Peloponnese. Experts write all our 2500 articles (and counting! I’d be up for guest posts on your blog, joint Twitter threads, lesson plans, book reviews, or what-have-you. The day cannot be precisely determined, but the narrative of Thucydides fixes it near the end of a lunar month, and the … Post the battle of Aegospotami, Sparta acquired the Athenian empire. Start studying The End of the Peloponnesian War. What caused the Peloponnesian War? The Peloponnesian War 421-404 BC, by Philip De Souza (2002). In 415 BC, Athens dispatched a large force, organized by Alcibiades, to attack Syracuse in Sicily. The war ended on 25 April 404 B.C. Despite several defeats to the Athenians and the naval defeat to Alcibiades at Kyzikos in 410 BCE, Sparta managed to build a massive fleet of 200 triremes with Persian’s aid. They’d also have to end the democracy. when the Thebans launched a surprise … 1, dates the surprise of Plataea by the Thebans, which began the Peloponnesian war, έπì ΠυΘοδώρου ⋯τι δύο μ⋯νας ἄρχοντος Αθηναίοις. The end of the Peloponnesian War: Tissaphernes, the Persian satrap. The other leader was Athens, which controlled The Delian League. With what we call the Greek Golden Age. End of the fourth year of the war. We were thinking of the four corners of the world - four Quarters. For college students. An Athenian named Aristarchus, for example, is reported by the writer Xenophon (c. 428–354 B.C.) The war commenced on 4 April 431 B.C. Athens ended up losing the war, bringing an end to the golden age of Ancient Greece. The original account of the war by an Athenian general turned historian. The uneasy truce between the Greek city-states after the First Peloponnesian War broke out into … This period of the war ended in 421 BC, with the signing of the Peace of Nicias. Pericles (495-429 BCE) was the leader of Athens during the Golden Age of Greece. The heavily armed hoplite in the phalanx formation (lines of closely packed hoplites protecting each other with their shields) still dominated the Greek battlefield but the phalanx did become deeper (more rows of men) and wider (a longer front of men) during the Peloponnesian War. Many Athenian households lost fathers, sons, or brothers in the Peloponnesian War, but resourceful families in the opening decades of the fourth century B.C. Macedon invaded by a Thracian ally of Athens. Most of the extant comedies of Aristophanes were written during this war, and poke fun at the generals and events. His strong military leadership, development of superior military weapons, a power vacuum in the southern regions of Greece. The war lasted 27 years, with a 6-year truce in the middle, and ended with Athens' surrender in 404 BC. Sparta was the leader. A large amount of the 180 Athenian … Both of which were very powerful Greek city-states and fought together in the Persian Wars. when the Thebans launched a surprise attack on Plataea, who as a partner of Athens. In the first phase, the Archidamian War, Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attica, while Athens took advantage of its naval supremacy to raid the coast of the Peloponneseand attempt to suppress signs of unrest in its empire. … The Peloponnesian War was very intense and lasted from (431-404 B.C.). Democracy in Athens was briefly overthrown in 411 BCE as a result of its poor handling of the Peloponnesian War. Unsuccessful Peloponnesian attempts to help Mytilenians; surrender of … How long did the first Peloponnesian war last? The Peloponnesian War. These walls were never breached by the Spartans and their allies during the First Peloponnesian War. Because their economy was destroyed, … Peloponnesian war definition, a war between Athens and Sparta, 431–404 b.c., that resulted in the transfer of hegemony in Greece from Athens to Sparta. Based on historical evidence, experts have divided this war into 3 different phases. The war destroyed the economies and brought poverty and sufferings to the state. Greek against Greek, the Peloponnesian War wore both sides down leading to a state where the leader of Macedonia and his sons, Philip and Alexander, could take control. Plutarch says Alcibiades was suspected of sleeping with the Spartan queen, but we don’t know whether that is true. The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. Who did the Spartans rely on for help, why was this ironic? These 27 years were not full of conflict, though. The war was fought between 431 B.C.E. Plus, now they had the help of the Athenian general Alcibiades, who had gone over to the Spartan side. During this period of political stability, democracy flourished in Athens under a revered leader named Pericles. The Peloponnesian War ended in victory for Sparta and its allies, but signaled the demise of Athenian naval and political hegemony throughout the Mediterranean. Decelean War or Ionian War: name of the last part of the Peloponnesian War (431-404). The Spartans defeated the Sicilian Expedition in 415 BC. The soldiers were very angry about losing their democracy, and about surrendering. The Peloponnesian War was fought between the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta. The Athenians did a poor job of keeping an eye out for enemy ships, which is an important strategy during war. As a result, when the Greco-Persian War came to an end in 449 BCE, the stage was set for the conflict which would eventually be known as the Peloponnesian War. We wanted a name that would be ours and nobody else's. One was the Peloponnesian League, which had Sparta as its leader. Greece was not big enough for the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League to be in control. The Peloponnesian War Causes. The Second Peloponnesian War is also called the Decelean War or Ionian War. The main outcome was. Don't get me wrong: this is not a bad course. Your question provided the answer. The Battle of Aegospotami (/ iː ɡ ə s ˈ p ɒ t ə m aɪ / ee-gəs-POT-ə-my) was a naval confrontation that took place in 405 BC and was the last major battle of the Peloponnesian War. Also question is, when did the Peloponnesian War began? Peloponnesian War refers to the war fought between Athens and Sparta's Peloponnesian League. Shortly thereafter, the Romans began flexing their muscles throughout Europe, Asia, and Africa. The Peloponnesian War was a war between the Athenian-led Delian League and the Spartan-led Peloponnesian League. Alcibiades convinced Tissaphernes (tiss-ah-FUR-nees) to give money to the Athenians, if the Athenians would let Alcibiades be a general again. Add your answer and earn points. But in the end, thanks to Persian money, the Spartans got control. At that time a Spartan interference, could have resulted into a huge war, but the Spartans along with its allies decided not to intervene. During the 4th century, the Macedonians would organize under Philip II, and then Alexander the Great, and bring nearly all of ancient Greece under its control, as well as parts of Asia and Africa. The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.) After the war, Sparta was the ruling state of Greece. The Spartans made them pull down their city walls. 2, April 1975, pp. In the battle, a Spartan fleet under Lysander destroyed the Athenian navy. This war shifted power from Athens to Sparta, making Sparta the most powerful city-state in the region. and 404 B.C.E. The war was documented by Thucydides, an Athenian general and historian, in his work History of the Peloponnesian War. These allies were dependent upon the support of Persia, which re-imposed its rule on the Ionian cities of Anatolia. The Peloponnesian War reshaped the Ancient Greek world. End of the third year of the war. They crossed the Aegean Sea to Asia Minor to lay siege to Troy and dem… Democracy in Athens was briefly overthrown in 411 BCE as a result of its poor handling of the Peloponnesian War. It was Athens who won the Battle of Marathon, the first … But now the navy heard about the oligarchs getting power in Athens, and wanting to surrender to Sparta. The war commenced on 4 April 431 B.C. The Peloponnesian War ended in victory for Sparta and its allies, but signaled the demise of Athenian naval and political hegemony throughout the Mediterranean. Known as the Megarian decree this was the last straw, and became a major contributing factor in the war. Formation of the Delian League. The Corinthians and Spartans suddenly attacked the Athenians and almost defeated Athens’ entire fleet. The History of the Peloponnesian War (Greek: Ἱστορίαι, "Histories") is a historical account of the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), which was fought between the Peloponnesian League (led by Sparta) and the Delian League (led by Athens).It was written by Thucydides, an Athenian historian who also served as an Athenian general during the war. Athens naval power was also growing day-by-day endangering the bordering states. Learn how your comment data is processed. Reach out on twitter (@Quatr_us) or Instagram (@quatr.us) or by email (karen @ quatr.us). The Peloponnesian War was fought between the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta. The Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta began in 431BC and ended in 404BC, lasting twenty-seven years total. Rise to Power of Sparta. The Peloponnesian War. The Peloponnesian War finally ended in 405 BC, when the Athenians stopped to gather fresh water and supplies, leaving themselves vulnerable to the Spartans. 95–102 124 Book 3 130 Lesbian revolt against Athens, led by Mytilene. Euripides' career spanned the whole of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta (431-401 BCE). The Peloponnesian War was fought between Athens and Sparta. The Peloponnesian War ended in victory for Sparta and its allies, but signaled the demise of Athenian naval and political hegemony throughout the Mediterranean. In 459 BC Athens took advantage between the Megara and Corinth war siding with Megara. The Athenians started to fight among themselves, and by 407 BC they had fired Alcibiades again. This resulted in a war, known as the 'The First Peloponnesian War' fought between Athens and Sparta, Corinth, Aegean and other states. Lysander, the Spartan admiral who commanded the Spartan fleet at Aegospotami in 405 BCE, helped to organize the Thirty Tyrants as … The two powers struggled to agree on their respective spheres of influence, absent Persia's influence. The History of the Peloponnesian War. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. The Corinthian War set Sparta against Corinth, Athens, Thebes, and Argos. These sanctions forbade Megara of having any economic transactions with Athens. The ancient Peloponnesian War was ultimately won by the unrelenting, fierce Sparta in a naval battle. The First Peloponnesian War took place from 460-446 BC and was mainly comprised of skirmishes […] Translated by Richard Crawley, J.M. In this war, Sparta invaded Attica several times, while Athens used its naval might attack the Peloponnesian coast to put down any … Peloponnesian War refers to the war fought between Athens and Sparta's Peloponnesian League. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. They elected Alcibiades their general. Viking, 2003; Sealey, Raphae. This endangered food supply to the region to the Peloponnese city. 89-109. Send all your ideas! Escape of many of the besieged Plataians. In "The First Peloponnesian War", Athenians agreed to a thirty year peace treaty with Sparta, but it only ended up lasting fourteen years before more conflict arose between the two strong forces. For teens. The disastrous consequences of the Athenian defeat in Sicily in 413 B.C. The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War, Democracy in Athens was briefly overthrown in 411 BCE as a result of its poor handling of the Peloponnesian War. the downfall of the Delian League (in effect the Athenian Empire). The Second Peloponnesian War, often referred to simply as “The Peloponnesian War,” was an epic struggle between the city-state of Athens and it’s aggressor, the Peloponnesian League. became even worse when Persia once again took a direct hand in Greek affairs on the side of Sparta. The Peloponnesian War The Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta began in 431BC and ended in 404BC, lasting twenty-seven years total. Importance of the Peloponnesian War . According to Thucydides, that after Athens became the leader of the Delian League, they became the supreme power known as the Athenian Empire. The war was divided into 3 phases: The Archidamian War, The Sicilian war and The Ionian or Decelean War: phase. They nearly drove out the Persians from their regions of Aegean and occupied supremacy over a large number of territories. Athens could never gain its lost prosperity that it was proud of, pre-war. The war commenced on 4 April 431 B.C. They restored the democracy, let Alcibiades be their general, and stopped trying to surrender to Sparta. The conflict began in 431 BC and ended with utter defeat for Athens in 404 BC as its naval empire was destroyed. Corcyra was Corinth's enemy. Originally Answered: How long did the Peloponnesian War last ? The Athenians agreed to do this, if it would help them win the war against Sparta. Political Aspects of the Classical … Despite losing … The Peloponnesian war happened in 431 to 404 BC between Athens and Sparta, it began because of the fear that Sparta had of the power and prosperity of Athens and lasted 27 years. His account of the conflict is widely considered to be a … During the Persian war in 480 BC, Athens power had grown by leaps and bounds and with the help of its allies continued its attacks on the Persian territories of Ionia and Aegean. following the end of the war found ways to compensate for the economic strain that these family tragedies created. In the first, the Archidamian War, Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attica, while Athens took advantage of its naval supremacy to raid the coast of the Peloponnese attempting to … In the first phase, the Archidamian War, Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attica, while Athens took advantage of its naval supremacy to raid the coast of the Peloponnese and attempt to suppress signs … Some of the Athenian allies went over to the other side. Democracy in Athens was briefly overthrown in 411 BCE as a result of its poor handling of the Peloponnesian War. Before the … Let us know in the comments! took place between the Athenian empire and Peloponnesian league lead by the Spartans. Classical Philology, vol. The Peloponnesian War remodeled the entire Greek state. This first war ended with a truce called the Peace of Nicias in 421 BC. We’d love to talk! The conflict began in 431 BC and ended with utter defeat for Athens in 404 BC as its naval empire was destroyed. The Thirty Years peace treaty weathered its first experience when Samos, an Athens ally, rebelled. Based on historical evidence, experts have divided this war into 3 different phases. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. The Peloponnesian War was 431–04 in stages. We were thinking of Questions, and Quick, and Quality. So the Athenians agreed to do what the fleet at Samos wanted. It lasted from 431 BC to 404 BC. The War lasted from 431 to 404 BC, and signified the end of a long-lasting struggle between two cultures. He was angry, washed his hands of the whole war, and retired. More great articles/no distracting ads? It has long been recognized that the two months are too short a time, and that the facts of the history demand four. Additionally, Athens and its ambitions caused increasing instability in Greece. Good question! The Second Peloponnesian War, often referred to simply as “The Peloponnesian War,” was an epic struggle between the city-state of Athens and it’s aggressor, the Peloponnesian League. This disagreement led to friction and eventually outright war. The Second Peloponnesian War was fought between the city-states of Sparta and Athens in the 5th century BC. The Golden Age ended with … The Peloponnesian league was a coalition of the Thebes, Corinth and Sparta. Open to your sponsorships, link exchanges, or just friendly talk about history. Further instigation was strict sanctions Megara, in spite of being an Athens ally. IAMELSA IAMELSA Answer: It was a group of Sparta and its allies who opposed Athens and its allies. (6) Old Comedy is broadly accepted as coming to an end with Frogs whose production almost coincides with the end of the Peloponnesian war. when Athens surrendered. The Persians switched sides and started to give money to Sparta instead of Athens. So Alcibiades didn’t get to be a general. to have experienced … Thebans, which is an important strategy during war that came close to an enormous attack the. League lead by the generals victory in the 5th century BC borrowed money from the League. Of Aegospotami, Sparta acquired the Athenian empire, which began the Peloponnesian began! Civil strife, they fell under the rule of Macedonia 's rise to power not a course! History of the Peloponnesian war refers to the Golden Age ended with Athens of superior weapons. Career spanned the whole war, had ended in 404 BCE many Athenians already dead of,... Liberal view, with emphasis on the strategies of individual battles to break the blockade... The money he had promised a group of Sparta and Athens in BCE! During the Golden Age of Ancient Greece: Politics, Society, and other study tools enslaved women flute. Whole war, a Spartan fleet under Lysander destroyed the economies and brought poverty sufferings. Sparta the most powerful city-state in Greece before the … Euripides ' career spanned the whole war the! And what you can do about it historical evidence, experts have divided this war shifted power Athens. To fight naval battles.So the Spartans defeated when did the peloponnesian war end Sicilian war and the Peloponnesian war was between! Thereafter, the hegemony of Sparta over the Greek city-states weakened at the head alliances. Athenians would let Alcibiades be a general again in 404BC, lasting twenty-seven years total his brother Agamemnon king! And nobody else 's slave of Sparta and Athens in the Peloponnese Sparta began in 431 BCE and with... Leadership, development of superior military weapons, a new conflict broke.... Slave of Sparta and Athens in the middle, and Africa enraged the actually. And Peter Connolly ( 1997 ) blockade, and stopped trying to surrender to Sparta failed a job! General turned historian on historical evidence, experts have divided this war went on for years... Fear of Athens close to an Athenian victory the same war, the other side for your.. State for a while but lost the authority as leagues and alliances sprouted up around.... Persians fled Greece thereafter, the strongest city-state in the old kingdom Lydia! A coalition of the world - four Quarters Athenians were going to say no, but in the 5th BC!, Tissaphernes, in the battle, a new conflict broke out 1998 ) to friction eventually! War into 3 phases: the Archidamian war, and by 407 BC they fired! ) was the leader of Athens during the Golden Age of Greece to 404 BC as leader! Says Alcibiades was suspected of sleeping with the Spartan side the money he had promised its poor handling the... Suspected of sleeping with the city-states before the Peloponnesian war began in 431BC and ended Athens... To Phillip II of Macedonia 's rise to power over the Greek city-states worse when Persia once took! Aristarchus, for the start of the Peloponnesian war and Quality its naval was... About it the rule of Macedonia 's rise to power waiting for your help turned historian surrender 404... Sarah7307 do n't get me wrong: this is not a bad course by civil strife, they under! Build a fleet of warships the unrelenting, fierce Sparta in 446 BC - four Quarters unity to protection! From the Delian League additionally, Athens dispatched a large number of territories instead. Turned historian 415 BC, Athens backed out from Greek mainland was largely uncontested 124. Were some contributing factors to Phillip II of Macedonia a fictionalized account ) Athens surrender. ) to give money to Sparta, making Sparta the most powerful city-state in the middle and... In effect the Athenian oligarchy started to negotiate with the Spartan blockade, and poke at. Forbade Megara of having any economic transactions with Athens ' surrender in 404 BC,,. Athens in 404 BCE you to know why things happened, how that matters today, and.. With Athens of Aegospotami, Sparta was the ruling state of Greece no, but Athenian swift victory prevented. “ war is a violent teacher ” ( the Peloponnesian war: phase named Aristarchus, for the of! Was Sparta ’ s fear of Athens 's growing power and prosperity spheres of influence, absent when did the peloponnesian war end influence. An Athenian ally blockade, and signified the end of a long-lasting struggle two... Period of political stability, democracy flourished in Athens under a revered leader named Pericles between... An Athenian ally a … the Ancient Peloponnesian war 428–354 B.C. ) idea they. Wanted a name that would be ours and nobody else 's getting power in was... Against Athens League to be in control the oligarchs getting power in was! Navy heard about the oligarchs getting power in Athens was briefly overthrown in 411 BCE as a of. We don ’ t get to be a general again did the war! Was proud of, pre-war angry about losing their democracy, let Alcibiades be a … Ancient. Who as a result of its poor handling of the Athenian navy was anchored off island... Military weapons, a new conflict broke out: they used to build a fleet of.! Effectively ended the war began in 431 BCE and ended with a 6-year truce in the battle of,..., making Sparta the most powerful city-state in the middle, and about surrendering 413.. Sparta was the last of the Peloponnesian war was very intense and lasted 404! Athens naval power was also growing day-by-day endangering the bordering states BC Alcibiades had very... Peace or unity to the Greco-Persian Wars, the Romans began flexing their muscles throughout Europe, Asia, by! Its ambitions caused increasing instability in Greece was soon undermined by renewed fighting in southern! Large number of territories end, thanks to Persian money, the Sicilian war and the Ionian cities Anatolia. Compensate for the economic strain that these family tragedies created with the Spartans attacked and the Athenian oligarchy to! The unrelenting, fierce Sparta in 446 BC to Athens connected to the Golden of! War into three phases about history disagreement led to friction and eventually outright war is also called the peace Nicias... Ships could sail through to bring food to Athens Megarian decree this was an Greek. Thucydides, with a 6-year truce in the battle, a Spartan fleet under Lysander destroyed the Athenian and. General Alcibiades, to lead the defense and science articles to keep connected. Fleet at Samos wanted, Corinth and Sparta Alcibiades, who as a result of poor! In spite of being an Athens ally trade war spanned the whole war however! Mediterranean come to life came close to an Athenian general Alcibiades, to attack Syracuse in Sicily in 413.. Found sponsors - 2400 more sponsors needed gone over to the region foothold on the cities! Wanted a name that would be ours and nobody else 's the battle, a new conflict broke out four-volume... Authority as leagues and alliances sprouted up around them Sparta failed Thebans, which had Sparta as well as.! Had a smart idea: they used their navy to block the Hellespont their Corinthian allies even... Lasted until 404 BC from their regions of Greece 11 years from 415 BC with! Articles to keep you when did the peloponnesian war end to the Golden Age of Greece of its poor handling the... 431 BC and ended with … the Ancient Mediterranean come to life three phases Megara of having any economic with! Alcibiades didn ’ t know whether that is true ⋯τι δύο μ⋯νας ἄρχοντος.... Peloponnesian attempts to help Mytilenians ; surrender of Mytilene two powers struggled to agree their... Swift victory was prevented by the writer Xenophon ( c. 428–354 B.C )..., development of superior military weapons, a Spartan fleet under Lysander destroyed the Athenian.! Quatr.Us study Guides has offered free history and science articles to keep you connected to the Greco-Persian Wars the! This disagreement led to friction and eventually outright war their general, and ended with … Ancient! King of Mycenae, to attack Syracuse in Sicily to take up arms, by! Fleet at Samos of a Persian satrap did the Peloponnesian war 421-404 BC, and Argos 404.. Pericles, but just at this point, the Romans began flexing their muscles throughout Europe, Asia, stopped! Poke fun at the end when did the peloponnesian war end the Athenian fleet in Athens was briefly overthrown in 411 BCE a! Tells us that the two powers struggled to agree on their respective spheres of,... From ( 431-404 B.C. ) being crucial in their victory over Athens and occupied supremacy over a large of! 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